Short definition
Core Web Vitals are Google's three speed-and-stability metrics — LCP, INP, and CLS — that measure how quickly and smoothly a page loads and responds.
In depth
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) measures load speed; Interaction to Next Paint (INP) measures responsiveness; Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) measures visual stability. Google uses Core Web Vitals as a ranking signal, and more importantly users abandon slow or jumpy pages. Targets: LCP under 2.5s, INP under 200ms, CLS under 0.1. Most service-business sites fail one or more of these; fixes include image optimization, font swap, lazy loading, and removing render-blocking JavaScript.
Example
A med spa cuts hero-image weight from 2.4 MB to 180 KB and switches to font-display:swap. LCP drops from 4.1s to 1.6s, organic traffic rises 28%.